Thursday, November 10, 2011

Civil Engineering 3rd semester Syllabus for Anna University,chennai | Third Semester Civil Engineering Syllabus chennai Regulation 2008 | 3rd Semester Civili Regulation 2008 Anna University Chennai Syllabus


SEMESTER III
THEORY


MA 2211 Transforms and Partial Differential Equations
GE 2021 Environmental Science and Engineering 
AG 2211 Applied Geology
CE 2201 Mechanics of Solids
CE 2202 Mechanics of Fluids
CE 2203 Construction Techniques, Equipment and Practice 
CE 2204 Surveying


PRACTICAL


CE 2207 Survey Practical 
CE 2208 Computer Aided Building Drawing 



MA2211 TRANSFORMS AND PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 


OBJECTIVES


The course objective is to develop the skills of the students in the areas of Transforms and
Partial Differtial Equations. This will be necessary for their effective studies in a large number of
engineering subjects like heat conduction, communication systems, electro-optics and
electromagnetic theory. The course will also serve as a prerequisite for post graduate and
specialized studies and research.


UNIT I FOURIER SERIES 


Dirichlet’s conditions – General Fourier series – Odd and even functions – Half range sine
series – Half range cosine series – Complex form of Fourier Series – Parseval’s identify –
Harmonic Analysis.


UNIT II FOURIER TRANSFORMS 


Fourier integral theorem (without proof) – Fourier transform pair – Sine and
Cosine transforms – Properties – Transforms of simple functions – Convolution theorem –
Parseval’s identity.


UNIT III PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 


Formation of partial differential equations – Lagrange’s linear equation – Solutions of standard
types of first order partial differential equations - Linear partial differential equations of second
and higher order with constant coefficients.


UNIT IV APPLICATIONS OF PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 


Solutions of one dimensional wave equation – One dimensional equation of heat conduction –
Steady state solution of two-dimensional equation of heat conduction (Insulated edges
excluded) – Fourier series solutions in cartesian coordinates.


UNIT V Z -TRANSFORMS AND DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS 


Z-transforms - Elementary properties – Inverse Z-transform – Convolution theorem -Formation
of difference equations – Solution of difference equations using Z-transform.


TEXT BOOKS
1. Grewal, B.S, “Higher Engineering Mathematic”, 40th Edition, Khanna publishers, Delhi,
(2007)
REFERENCES
1. Bali.N.P and Manish Goyal, “A Textbook of Engineering Mathematic”, 7th Edition, Laxmi
Publications(P) Ltd. (2007)
2. Ramana.B.V., “Higher Engineering Mathematics”, Tata Mc-GrawHill Publishing Company
limited, New Delhi (2007).
3. Glyn James, “Advanced Modern Engineering Mathematics”, 3rd Edition, Pearson Education
(2007).
4. Erwin Kreyszig, “Advanced Engineering Mathematics”, 8th edition, Wiley India (2007).


GE2021 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 


AIM
The aim of this course is to create awareness in every engineering graduate about the
importance of environment, the effect of technology on the environment and ecological balance
and make them sensitive to the environment problems in every professional endeavour that
they participates.
OBJECTIVE
At the end of this course the student is expected to understand what constitutes the
environment, what are precious resources in the environment, how to conserve these
resources, what is the role of a human being in maintaining a clean environment and useful
environment for the future generations and how to maintain ecological balance and preserve
bio-diversity. The role of government and non-government organization in environment
managements.


UNIT I ENVIRONMENT, ECOSYSTEMS AND BIODIVERSITY


Definition, scope and importance of environment – need for public awareness - concept of an
ecosystem – structure and function of an ecosystem – producers, consumers and decomposers
– energy flow in the ecosystem – ecological succession – food chains, food webs and ecological
pyramids – Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function of the (a) forest
ecosystem (b) grassland ecosystem (c) desert ecosystem (d) aquatic ecosystems (ponds,
streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries) – Introduction to biodiversity definition: genetic,
species and ecosystem diversity – biogeographical classification of India – value of biodiversity:
consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic and option values – Biodiversity at
global, national and local levels – India as a mega-diversity nation – hot-spots of biodiversity –
threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts – endangered and
endemic species of India – conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and ex-situ conservation of
biodiversity.
Field study of common plants, insects, birds
Field study of simple ecosystems – pond, river, hill slopes, etc.


UNIT II ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION 


Definition – causes, effects and control measures of: (a) Air pollution (b) Water pollution (c) Soil
pollution (d) Marine pollution (e) Noise pollution (f) Thermal pollution (g) Nuclear hazards – soil
waste management: causes, effects and control measures of municipal solid wastes – role of an
individual in prevention of pollution – pollution case studies – disaster management: floods,
earthquake, cyclone and landslides.
Field study of local polluted site – Urban / Rural / Industrial / Agricultural.


UNIT III NATURAL RESOURCES 


Forest resources: Use and over-exploitation, deforestation, case studies- timber extraction,
mining, dams and their effects on forests and tribal people – Water resources: Use and overutilization
of surface and ground water, floods, drought, conflicts over water, dams-benefits and
problems – Mineral resources: Use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and
using mineral resources, case studies – Food resources: World food problems, changes caused
by agriculture and overgrazing, effects of modern agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide problems, water
logging, salinity, case studies – Energy resources: Growing energy needs, renewable and non
renewable energy sources, use of alternate energy sources. case studies – Land resources:
Land as a resource, land degradation, man induced landslides, soil erosion and desertification –
role of an individual in conservation of natural resources – Equitable use of resources for
sustainable lifestyles.
Field study of local area to document environmental assets – river / forest / grassland / hill /
mountain.


UNIT IV SOCIAL ISSUES AND THE ENVIRONMENT 


From unsustainable to sustainable development – urban problems related to energy – water
conservation, rain water harvesting, watershed management – resettlement and rehabilitation of
people; its problems and concerns, case studies – role of non-governmental organizationenvironmental
ethics: Issues and possible solutions – climate change, global warming, acid rain,
ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents and holocaust, case studies. – wasteland reclamation
– consumerism and waste products – environment protection act – Air (Prevention and Control
of Pollution) act – Water (Prevention and control of Pollution) act – Wildlife protection act –
Forest conservation act – enforcement machinery involved in environmental legislation- central
and state pollution control boards- Public awareness.


UNIT V HUMAN POPULATION AND THE ENVIRONMENT 


Population growth, variation among nations – population explosion – family welfare programme
– environment and human health – human rights – value education – HIV / AIDS – women and
child welfare – role of information technology in environment and human health – Case studies.


TEXT BOOKS


1. Gilbert M.Masters, “Introduction to Environmental Engineering and
Science”, 2nd Edition, Pearson Education ,2004.
2. Benny Joseph, “Environmental Science and Engineering”, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi,
2006.


REFERENCE BOOKS
1. R.K. Trivedi, “Handbook of Environmental Laws, Rules, Guidelines, Compliances and
Standards”, Vol. I and II, Enviro Media.
2. Cunningham, W.P. Cooper, T.H. Gorhani, “Environmental Encyclopedia”, Jaico Publ.,
House, Mumbai, 2001.
3. Dharmendra S. Sengar, “Environmental law”, Prentice hall of India PVT LTD, New Delhi,
2007.
4. Rajagopalan, R, “Environmental Studies-From Crisis to Cure”, Oxford University Press
(2005)


AG2211 APPLIED GEOLOGY 


OBJECTIVE
At the end of this course the student shall be able to understand about geological formations,
classification and morphology of rocks, and the importance of the study of geology for civil
engineers with regard to founding structures like dams, bridges, buildings, etc. The student shall
also be able to appreciate the importance of geological formation in causing earthquakes and
land slides.


UNIT I GENERAL GEOLOGY 
Geology in Civil Engineering – Branches of geology – Earth Structures and composition –
Elementary knowledge on continental drift and plate technologies. Earth processes –
Weathering – Work of rivers, wind and sea and their engineering importance – Earthquake belts
in India. Groundwater – Mode of occurrence – prospecting – importance in civil engineering


UNIT II MINERALOGY 
Elementary knowledge on symmetry elements of important crystallographic systems – physical
properties of minerals – study of the following rock forming minerals – Quartz family. Feldpar
family, Augite, Hornblende, Biotite, Muscovite, Calcite, Garnet – properties, behaviour and
engineering significance of clay minerals – Fundamentals of process of formation of ore
minerals – Coal and petroleum – Their origin and occurrence in India.


UNIT III PETROLOGY 
Classification of rocks – distinction between igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks.
Description occurrence, engineering properties and distribution of following rocks. Igneous rocks
– Granite, Syenite, Diorite, Gabbro, Pegmatite, Dolerite and Basalt Sedimentary rocks
sandstone, Limestone, shale conglo, Conglomerate and breccia. Metamorphic rocks. Quartizite,
Marble, Slate, Phyllite, Gniess and Schist.


UNIT IV STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICAL METHOD 
Attitude of beds – Outcrops – Introduction to Geological maps – study of structures – Folds,
faults and joints – Their bearing on engineering construction. Seismic and Electrical methods for
Civil Engineering investigations


UNIT V GEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING 


Remote sensing techniques – Study of air photos and satellite images – Interpretation for Civil
Engineering projects – Geological conditions necessary for construction of Dams, Tunnels,
Buildings, Road cuttings, Land slides – Causes and preventions. Sea erosion and coastal
protection.




TEXT BOOKS
1. Parbin Singh, “Engineering and General Geology”, Katson Publication House, 1987.
2. Krynine and Judd, “Engineering Geology and Geotechniques”, McGraw-Hill Book
Company, 1990
REFERENCES
1. Legeet, “Geology and Engineering”, McGraw-Hill Book Company 1998
2. Blyth, “Geology for Engineers”, ELBS, 1995


CE2201 MECHANICS OF SOLIDS 


OBJECTIVE
The subject of Mechanics of Solids cuts broadly across all branches of engineering profession.
At the end of this course, the student will have knowledge about behaviour of members
subjected to various type of forces. The subject can be mastered best by solving numerous
problems.


UNIT I STRESS STRAIN AND DEFORMATION OF SOLIDS, STATES OF STRESS


Rigid bodies and deformable solids – stability, strength, stiffness – tension, compression and
shear stresses – strain, elasticity, Hooke’s law, limit of proportionately, modules of elasticity,
stress-strain curve, lateral strain – temperature stresses – deformation of simple and compound
bars – shear modulus, bulk modulus, relationship between elastic constants – biaxial state of
stress – stress at a point – stress on inclined plane – principal stresses and principal planes –
Mohr’s circle of stresses.
UNIT II ANALYSIS OF PLANE TRUSS, THIN CYLINDERS / SHELLS 


Stability and equilibrium of plane frames – types of trusses – analysis of forces in truss
members method of joints, method of sections, method of tension coefficients – thin cylinders
and shells – under internal pressure – deformation of thin cylinders and shells.


UNIT III TRANSVERSE LOADING ON BEAMS 


Beams – types of supports – simple and fixed, types of load – concentrated, uniformly
distributed, varying distributed load, combination of above loading – relationship between
bending moment and shear force – bending moment, shear force diagram for simply supported,
cantilever and over hanging beams – Theory of simple bending – analysis of stresses – load
carrying capacity of beams – proportioning of sections


UNIT IV DEFLECTION OF BEAMS AND SHEAR STRESSES


Deflection of beams – double integration method – Macaulay’s method – slope and deflection
using moment area method, Conjugate Beam method – variation of shear stress – shear stress
distribution in rectangular, I sections, solid circular sections, hollow circular sections, angle and
channel sections – shear flow – shear centre.


UNIT V TORSION AND SPRINGS 


Stresses and deformation in circular (solid and hollow shafts) – stepped shafts – shafts fixed at
both ends – leaf springs – stresses in helical springs – deflection of springs.


TEXT BOOKS
1. Egor P Popov, Engineering Mechanics of Solids, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 2003
2. Bansal R.K. Strength of materials, Laxmi Publications, New Delhi - 2007


REFERENCES
1. Subramanian R., Strength of materials, Oxford university press, New Delhi - 2005
2. William A.Nash, Theory and Problems of Strength of Materials, Schaum’s Outline
Series, Tata McGraw-Hill publishing co., New Delhi – 2007.
3. Srinath L.S, Advanced Mechanics of Solids, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., New
Delhi, 2003.


CE2202 MECHANICS OF FLUIDS




OBJECTIVE
The student is introduced to the definition and properties of fluid. Principles of fluid statics,
kinematics and dynamics are dealt with subsequently. The application of similitude and model
study are covered subsequently. After undergoing this course, the student would have learnt
fluid properties and application to real situations of fluid flow.


UNIT I DEFINITIONS AND FLUID PROPERTIES


Definitions – Fluid and fluid mechanics – Dimensions and units – Fluid properties – Continuum
Concept of system and control volume


UNIT II FLUID STATICS & KINEMATICS 


Pascal’s Law and Hydrostatic equation – Forces on plane and curved surfaces – Buoyancy –
Meta centre – Pressure measurement – Fluid mass under relative equilibrium
Fluid Kinematics
Stream, streak and path lines – Classification of flows – Continuity equation (one, two and three
dimensional forms) – Stream and potential functions – flow nets – Velocity measurement (Pilot
tube, current meter, Hot wire and hot film anemometer, float technique, Laser Doppler
velocimetry)


UNIT III FLUID DYNAMICS 


Euler and Bernoulli’s equations – Application of Bernoulli’s equation – Discharge measurement
– Laminar flows through pipes and between plates – Hagen Poiseuille equation – Turbulent flow
– Darcy-Weisbach formula – Moody diagram – Momentum Principle


UNIT IV BOUNDARY LAYER AND FLOW THROUGH PIPES 


Definition of boundary layer – Thickness and classification – Displacement and momentum
thickness – Development of laminar and turbulent flows in circular pipes – Major and minor
losses of flow in pipes – Pipes in series and in parallel – Pipe network


UNIT V SIMILITUDE AND MODEL STUDY 


Dimensional Analysis – Rayleigh’s method, Buckingham’s Pi-theorem – Similitude and models –
Scale effect and distorted models.


TEXT BOOKS
1. Kumar, K.L., “Engineering Fluid Mechanics”, Eurasia Publishing House (P) Ltd., New
Delhi, 1995.
2. Garde, R.J. and Mirajgaoker, A.G., “Engineering Fluid Mechanics”, Nem Chand Bros.,
Roorkee
3. Rajput, R.K., “A text book of Fluid Mechanics” , S.Chand and Co.,New Delhi - 2007
4. Fox, Robert, W. and Macdonald, Alan,T., “Introduction to Fluid Mechanics”, John Wiley
& Sons, 1995
5. Modi, P.N. & Seth, S.M Hydraulics & fluid Mechanics, Standard book house , New Delhi -
2005.


REFERENCES


1. Streeter, Victor, L. and Wylie, Benjamin E., “Fluid Mechanics”, McGraw-Hill Ltd., 1998.
2. E. John Finnemore and Joseph B. Franzini, “Fluid Mechanics with Engineering
Applications”, McGraw-Hill International Edition, 2001.
3. Pernard Messay, “Mechanics of Fluids” 7th Edition, Nelson Thornes Ltd. U. K. 1998.


CE2203 CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES, EQUIPMENT AND PRACTICES 


OBJECTIVE
The main objective of this course is to make the student aware of the various construction
techniques, practices and the equipment needed for different types of construction activities. At
the end of this course the student shall have a reasonable knowledge about the various
construction procedures for sub to super structure and also the equipment needed for
construction of various types of structures from foundation to super structure.


UNIT I CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY


Cements – Grade of cements - manufacture of cement – concrete chemicals and Applications –
Mix design concept – mix design as per BIS & ACI methods – manufacturing of concrete –
Batching – mixing – transporting – placing – compaction of concrete – curing and finishing.
Testing of fresh and hardened concrete – quality of concrete - Non – destructive testing.


UNIT II CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES 


Specifications, details and sequence of activities and construction co-ordination – Site
Clearance – Marking – Earthwork - masonry – stone masonry – Bond in masonry - concrete
hollow block masonry – flooring – damp proof courses – construction joints – movement and
expansion joints – pre cast pavements – Building foundations – basements – temporary shed –
centering and shuttering – slip forms – scaffoldings – de-shuttering forms – Fabrication and
erection of steel trusses – frames – braced domes – laying brick –– weather and water proof –
roof finishes – acoustic and fire protection.


UNIT III SUB STRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION 


Techniques of Box jacking – Pipe Jacking -under water construction of diaphragm walls and
basement-Tunneling techniques – Piling techniques - well and caisson - sinking cofferdam -
cable anchoring and grouting-driving diaphragm walls, sheet piles - shoring for deep cutting -
well points -Dewatering and stand by Plant equipment for underground open excavation.


UNIT IV SUPER STRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION


Launching girders, bridge decks, off shore platforms – special forms for shells - techniques for
heavy decks – in-situ pre-stressing in high rise structures, Material handling - erecting light
weight components on tall structures - Support structure for heavy Equipment and conveyors -
Erection of articulated structures, braced domes and space decks.


UNIT V CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT 


Selection of equipment for earth work - earth moving operations - types of earthwork equipment
- tractors, motor graders, scrapers, front end waders, earth movers – Equipment for foundation
and pile driving. Equipment for compaction, batching and mixing and concreting - Equipment for
material handling and erection of structures - Equipment for dredging, trenching, tunneling,


TEXT BOOKS
1. Peurifoy, R.L., Ledbetter, W.B. and Schexnayder, C., "Construction Planning, Equipment
and Methods", 5th Edition, McGraw Hill, Singapore, 1995.
2. Arora S.P. and Bindra S.P., Building Construction, Planning Techniques and Method of
Construction, Dhanpat Rai and Sons, 1997.
3. Varghese , P.C. Building construction, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, 2007.
4. Sheety, M.S, Concrete Technology, Theory and Practice, S. Chand and Company Ltd, New
Delhi, 2005.


REFERENCES


1. Jha J and Sinha S.K., Construction and Foundation Engineering, Khanna Publishers, 1993.
2. Sharma S.C. “Construction Equipment and Management”, Khanna Publishers New Delhi,
1988.
3. Deodhar, S.V. “Construction Equipment and Job Planning”, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi,
1988.
4. Dr. Mahesh Varma, “Construction Equipment and its Planning and Application”, Metropolitan
Book Company, New Delhi-, 1983.
5. Gambhir, M.L, Concrete Technology, Tata McGraw – Hill Publishing Company Ltd, New
Delhi, 2004
CE2204 SURVEYING I 


OBJECTIVE


At the end of the course the student will posses knowledge about Chain surveying, Compass
surveying, Plane table surveying, Levelling, Theodolite surveying and Engineering surveys.


UNIT I INTRODUCTION AND CHAIN SURVEYING 


Definition - Principles - Classification - Field and office work - Scales - Conventional signs -
Survey instruments, their care and adjustment - Ranging and chaining - Reciprocal ranging -
Setting perpendiculars - well - conditioned triangles - Traversing - Plotting - Enlarging and
reducing figures.


UNIT II COMPASS SURVEYING AND PLANE TABLE SURVEYING


Prismatic compass - Surveyor’s compass - Bearing - Systems and conversions - Local
attraction - Magnetic declination - Dip - Traversing - Plotting - Adjustment of errors - Plane table
instruments and accessories - Merits and demerits - Methods - Radiation - Intersection -
Resection - Traversing.


UNIT III LEVELLING AND APPLICATIONS 


Level line - Horizontal line - Levels and Staves - Spirit level - Sensitiveness - Bench marks -
Temporary and permanent adjustments - Fly and check levelling - Booking - Reduction -
Curvature and refraction - Reciprocal levelling - Longitudinal and cross sections - Plotting -
Calculation of areas and volumes - Contouring - Methods - Characteristics and uses of contours
- Plotting - Earth work volume - Capacity of reservoirs.


UNIT IV THEODOLITE SURVEYING


Theodolite - Vernier and microptic - Description and uses - Temporary and permanent
adjustments of vernier transit - Horizontal angles - Vertical angles - Heights and distances -
Traversing - Closing error and distribution - Gale’s tables - Omitted measurements.


UNIT V ENGINEERING SURVEYS 


Reconnaissance, preliminary and location surveys for engineering projects - Lay out - Setting
out works - Route Surveys for highways, railways and waterways - Curve ranging - Horizontal
and vertical curves - Simple curves - Setting with chain and tapes, tangential angles by
theodolite, double theodolite - Compound and reverse curves - Transition curves - Functions
and requirements - Setting out by offsets and angles - Vertical curves - Sight distances - Mine
Surveying - instruments - Tunnels - Correlation of under ground and surface surveys - Shafts -
Adits.


TEXT BOOKS
1. Bannister A. and Raymond S., Surveying, ELBS, Sixth Edition, 1992.
2. Kanetkar T.P., Surveying and Levelling, Vols. I and II, United Book Corporation, Pune,
1994.
3. Punmia B.C. Surveying, Vols. I, II and III, Laxmi Publications, 1989


REFERENCES


1. Clark D., Plane and Geodetic Surveying, Vols. I and II, C.B.S. Publishers and
Distributors, Delhi, Sixth Edition, 1971.
2. James M.Anderson and Edward M.Mikhail, Introduction to Surveying, McGraw-Hill Book
Company, 1985.
3. Heribert Kahmen and Wolfgang Faig, Surveying, Walter de Gruyter, 1995.


CE2207 SURVEY PRACTICAL I


OBJECTIVE


At the end of the course the student will posses knowledge about Survey field techniques
1. Study of chains and its accessories
2. Aligning, Ranging and Chaining
3. Chain Traversing
4. Compass Traversing
5. Plane table surveying: Radiation
6. Plane table surveying: Intersection
7. Plane table surveying: Traversing
30
8. Plane table surveying: Resection – Three point problem
9. Plane table surveying: Resection – Two point problem
10. Study of levels and levelling staff
11. Fly levelling using Dumpy level
12. Fly levelling using tilting level
13. Check levelling
14. LS and CS
15. Contouring
16. Study of Theodolite


SURVEY PRACTICAL I & SURVEY PRACTICAL II


LIST OF EQUIPMENTS
(For a batch of 30 students)
Sl. No. Description of Equipments Quantity
1. Total Station 3 Nos
2. Theodolites Atleast 1 for every 10
students
3. Dumpy level Atleast 1 for every 10
students
4. Plain table Atleast 1 for every 10
students
5. Pocket stereoscope 1
6. Ranging rods
1 for a set of 5 students
7. Levelling staff
8. Cross staff
9. Chains
10. Tapes
11. Arrows


CE2208 COMPUTER AIDED BUILDING DRAWING 


OBJECTIVE
At the end of this course the student should be able to draft on computer building drawings (Plan,
elevation and sectional views) in accordance with development and control rules satisfying
orientation and functional requirements for the following:
1. Buildings with load bearing walls (Flat and pitched roof) –
Including details of doors and windows 15
2. RCC framed structures 15
3. Industrial buildings – North light roof structures – Trusses 15
4. Perspective view of one and two storey buildings 15


TEXT BOOKS


1. Civil Engg. Drawing & House Planning – Varma B.P., Khanna publishers, Delhi
2. Building drawing & detailing – Balagopal & T.S. Prabhu, Spades Publishers, Calicut.


REFERENCES


1. Building drawing – Shah.M.G., Tata McGraw-Hill,1992
2. Building planning & Drawing –Kumaraswamy N., Kameswara Rao A., Charotar
Publishing
3. Shah, Kale and Patki, Building Drawing with integrated approach to built environment,
Tata McGraw-Hill.
Examination Guideline
30% of the end semester examination paper shall deal with planning, while the rest 70%
shall be based on the drafting skill.


LIST OF EQUIPMENTS


(For a batch of 30 students)
Sl. No. Description of Equipments Quantity
1. Computer system of Pentium IV or
equivalent
1 for each student
2. Licensed version of any reputed Analysis,
Design & Drafting software
1 copy for a set of 3
students

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